![]() In addition, an imitation strategy often allows firms to better attract consumers and obtain considerable economic benefits because they can produce products at lower costs and sell them at lower prices ( Sajeva, 2013). Fu and Tietz (2019) further observed that imitative latecomer firms tended to have easier access to investment since these latecomers adopted an imitation strategy that faces less market and technological uncertainty compared to market pioneers. In contrast, latecomer firms had a lower failure rate (8%) and a larger average market share (28%). ![]() For example, a study by Golder and Tellis (1993) involving 50 different categories of products showed that pioneering firms had an average market share of only 10% and a failure rate of 47% over the long term. On the one hand, the imitation strategy is likely to boost firm growth ( Fu and Tietz, 2019). However, scholarly knowledge has been limited with respect to the extent to which an imitation strategy can promote the sustainability of firm growth in dynamic environments. The increasing number of successful latecomer firms has attracted great attention in the academic and managerial community. Recently, a large number of latecomer firms, such as Lyft (the follower of Uber, the ride-hailing service enterprise) or Hellobike and Mobike (followers of Ofo, the bicycle sharing enterprise), have been able to maintain their market position even in the face of fierce market competition in rather dynamic environments. Our research findings are meaningful for enterprises to choose an appropriate imitation strategy according to their unique attributes, enabling sustainable growth in a dynamic environment. It fosters the short-term performance rather than the long-term performance of a firm. Moreover, by further examining the moderating effects of industry conditions, country-specific factors, and performance time horizons, this research also aims to address a complementary research question: in which context is imitation strategy more beneficial for the firm growth? We found that an imitation strategy is more effective in promoting firm growth in low-tech industries than in high-tech industries and in non-OECD countries than in OECD countries. In this context, this meta-analysis synthesizes empirical findings including 23 independent samples ( N = 66,110) to obtain evidence and explore the extent to which an imitation strategy affects firm growth. While some enterprises achieved sustainable growth based on an imitation strategy, others withdrew from the market soon after their initial market entry. ![]() ![]() The increasing number of successful latecomer enterprises has led to a growing research interest in the area, but there is a lack of consensus in academic circles on the relationship between imitation strategy and firm growth. 3School of Entrepreneurship, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.2School of Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands.1School of Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.Our study provides the genetic and functional evidence that mutant iGluR3 with altered kinetic properties is associated with moderate cognitive impairment in humans.Huatao Peng 1, Chen Zhou 1*, Bert M. When forming heteromeric receptors with iGluR2 in HEK293 cells, all four iGluR3 variants had altered desensitization kinetics. Whole-cell recording studies of iGluR3 homomers in HEK293 cells revealed that neither iGluR3-M706T (S2 domain) nor iGluR3-R631S (near channel core) had substantial channel function, whereas R450Q (S1 domain) was associated with accelerated receptor desensitization. Expression studies in HEK293 cells showed that G833R resulted in a 78% reduction of iGluR3 due to protein misfolding. Three variants were found in males with moderate MR and were absent in 500 control males. We identified a genomic deletion (0.4 Mb) involving the entire GRIA3 (encoding iGluR3) by using an X-array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and four missense variants (G833R, M706T, R631S, and R450Q) in functional domains of iGluR3 by sequencing 400 males with X-linked mental retardation (XLMR). Ionotropic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors (iGluRs) mediate the majority of excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS and are essential for the induction and maintenance of long-term potentiation and long-term depression, two cellular models of learning and memory.
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